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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................................... iii
Abstract iv
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. vii
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ viii
Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Overview ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Contributions .......................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Chapter Summaries................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2. PQ Theories ................................................................................................................... 6
2.1. Fryze’s Method ....................................................................................................... 6
2.2. Generalized Non Active Power Theory ................................................................... 9
2.3. Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory ............................................. 10
2.4. Summary ............................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 3. Single Phase Grid-Tie Voltage Source Switching Models ........................................... 14
3.1. Two Level Converters ............................................................................................ 15
3.2. Bipolar Modulation ............................................................................................... 19
3.3. Unipolar PWM ....................................................................................................... 21
3.4. Hybrid Modulation (Type 1) .................................................................................. 24
3.5. Hybrid Modulation (Type 2) .................................................................................. 31
3.6. Summary ............................................................................................................... 35
Chapter 4. Single Phase Leakage Current in PV Applications and Conducted Emissions ............ 36
4.1. Standard Full Bridge Topologies ........................................................................... 36
4.2. Commercial Products ............................................................................................ 59
4.3. Conducted Emissions ............................................................................................ 72
4.4. Summary ............................................................................................................... 77
Chapter 5. Single Phase Grid-Tie Average and DQ Models .......................................................... 78
5.1. Average Model ...................................................................................................... 79
5.2. DQ Model .............................................................................................................. 83 vi
5.3. Small Signal Model & Control ............................................................................... 89
5.4. DC Bus Variation ................................................................................................. 107
5.5. Dead Time ........................................................................................................... 109
5.6. Harmonic Injection .............................................................................................. 110
5.7. Source Distortion ................................................................................................ 114
5.8. Summary ............................................................................................................. 117
Chapter 6. Grid-Tie Converter Dynamic Response ..................................................................... 118
6.1. Capacitor Switching ............................................................................................ 118
6.2. Inrush Current ..................................................................................................... 121
6.3. Voltage Sags and Swells ...................................................................................... 124
6.4. Summary ............................................................................................................. 128
Chapter 7. Conclusion and Future Work .................................................................................... 129
7.1. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 129
7.2. Future Work ........................................................................................................ 130
References .................................................................................................................................. 131
Vita .................................................................................................................................. 134